CARDIOLOGY

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Hypertension - Management of MI (Heartattack)

What Is A Heart Attack – Common Causes

The most common cause for the heart attack is Coronary Artery Disease , in which a waxy substance called plaque develops inside the coronary artery. When these plaques build up in the inside the wall of artery, the condition is called as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a gradual process in which plaques of cholesterol are deposited in the artery walls. And these plaques harden the artery wall and narrow down the inner channel of the artery. The narrowing of artery leads to reduced blood supply to heart muscles which causes chest pain. This condition is known as coronary heart disease. Severe stress can cause spasm of these atherosclerorotic arteries leading heart attack.

What Is A Heart Attack – Signs and Symptoms

The hallmark signs and symptoms of heart attack are chest pain which radiates to left arm, shortness of breath, profuse sweating and nausea. Chest pain can be described as a sensation of tightness, pressure or squeezing. This particular chest pain due to lack of blood supply to the heart muscle is termed as Angina Pectoris. Sometimes chest pain, along with left arm, it may also radiate to jaw, neck, right arm and epigastrium. The pain radiating to epigastrium mimics heart burn. The person starts feeling shortness of breath, when the heart’s blood pumping capacity decreases due to death of a section of cardiac muscle. The output of left ventricle becomes limited causing left ventricular failure consequently leading to pulmonary edema. Loss of consciousness and sudden death can occur in heart attack if not treated immediately.

 

Surgical Procedures :
• CABG – Total arterial revascularization/By Pass surgery/Open Heart Surgery
• CABG Beating Heart Surgery – Grafting is performed without stopping the heart and putting patient on by pass. This minimizes the blood loss as well as other adverse effects
• Single valve and double valve replacements
• ASD and VSD surgeries
• All paediatric congenital heart surgeries including TOF
• Mediastinal tumour excision
• Lung Surgeries like Lobectomy, Pneumonectomy etc.,
• Vascular Surgeries: Surgery for Aneurysm Aorta, Bypass grafting of peripheral vessels, Carotid endarterectomy, Injury of vessels
• Surgery through a small hole without big wound on the body (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy)

—Diagnostic :  2D ECHO –TMT, Holter
 
Interventional : Angiography – Angioplasty Primary
   PTCA  &  Stenting -Pacemaker Implantation -Cardiac
   Catheterization              
Electro Physiology  studies